影响锻件可锻性的因素有哪些 What are the factors that affect the forging of forgings

2021-09-15

　　锻件的可锻性通常是在热状态下进行的，锻件的可锻性是金属在热状态下经受压力加工时塑形变形的过程。锻件厂对锻件的可锻性优劣常用金属的塑形和变形抗力两个指标来综合考虑。
　
　　那么影响锻件可锻性的因素首先是金属的成分，纯金属好于合金，低碳钢优于高碳钢，低碳钢合金钢优于高碳高合金钢；有害杂质元素一般使可锻性变坏。还有就是锻件使用金属的组织，单项组织好于多想组织；铸态下的柱状组织、粗晶粒组织、晶界上存在偏析、或有共结晶组织都会使锻件的可锻性变差。最后还应当考虑锻件厂的加工条件：1、变形温度：一般随变形温度的升高，可提高金属的可锻性；当温度接近熔点时，会引起过烧，是可锻性急剧降低。2、变形速度：一方面随着变形速度的增加，回复与再结晶过程来不及进行，不能及时消除加工硬化现象，故使塑形降低，变形抗力增大，可锻性变差。另一方面随着变形速度的增高，产生热效应，是金属的塑形升高，变形抗力降低，又有利于改善可锻性。3、应力状态：拉应力成分数量愈多，要求锻件材料塑形愈好；压应力成分数量愈多，可降低对材料塑性的要求。
　
　　The forging of the forging is usually carried out in a hot state, and the forging of the forging is the process of shaping the metal in a hot state subjected to pressure processing. Forging plant forging the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used metal shaping and deformation resistance to the two indicators to consider.
　
　　Then the factors that affect the forging of the first thing is the metal composition, pure metal is better than the alloy, low carbon steel is better than high carbon steel, low carbon steel alloy steel is better than high carbon high alloy steel; harmful impurities generally make malleable Bad. There is a metal for the use of forging organization, the organization is better than want to organize a single organization; as the column under the column structure, coarse grain structure, grain boundary segregation, or a total of crystalline structure will make forging mismatch worse. Finally, we should also consider the processing conditions of the forging plant: 1, deformation temperature: generally with the deformation of the temperature rise, can improve the malleability of the metal; when the temperature close to the melting point, it will cause burning, is a sharp reduction in malleability. 2, the deformation speed: on the one hand with the increase in the speed of deformation, recovery and recrystallization process too late, can not promptly eliminate the phenomenon of hardening, so that shaping down, deformation resistance increases, malleable deterioration. On the other hand, with the increase of the deformation speed, the thermal effect is caused by the increase of the shape of the metal, the decrease of the deformation resistance and the improvement of the malleability. 3, the stress state: the greater the number of tensile stress components, the better forging the material forging; the number of compressive stress components, can reduce the plastic requirements of the material.